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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pkg Foo {
### Working with collections ### Working with collections
Ludus names are bound permanently and immutably. Collections are immutable. How do you add something to a list or a dict? How do you get things out of them? Ludus names are bound permanently and immutably. Collections are immutable. How do you add something to a list or a dict? How do you get things out of them?
Ludus provides functions that allow working with persistent collections. They're detailed in [the Prelude](/prelude.md). That said, all functions that modify collections take a collection and produce the modified collection _as a return value_, without changing the original collection. E.g., `append ([1, 2, 3], 4)` will produce `[1, 2, 3, 4]`, but the original list is unchanged. (For dicts, the equivalent is `assoc`.) Ludus provides functions that allow working with persistent collections. They're detailed in [the Prelude](prelude.md). That said, all functions that modify collections take a collection and produce the modified collection _as a return value_, without changing the original collection. E.g., `append ([1, 2, 3], 4)` will produce `[1, 2, 3, 4]`, but the original list is unchanged. (For dicts, the equivalent is `assoc`.)
## Expressions ## Expressions
Ludus is an expression-based language: all forms in the language are expressions and return values, except `panic!`. That said, not all expressions may be used everywhere. Ludus is an expression-based language: all forms in the language are expressions and return values, except `panic!`. That said, not all expressions may be used everywhere.
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ In forms with multiple clauses surrounded by curly braces (i.e., function bodies
Some expressions may only be used in the "top level" of a script. Because they are the toplevel, they are assured to be statically knowable. These include: `pkg`, `ns`, `use`, `import`, and `test`. (NB: not all of these are yet implemented.) Some expressions may only be used in the "top level" of a script. Because they are the toplevel, they are assured to be statically knowable. These include: `pkg`, `ns`, `use`, `import`, and `test`. (NB: not all of these are yet implemented.)
### Non-binding expressions ### Non-binding expressions
Some forms may take any expression that does _not_ [bind a name](#Words-and-bindings), for example, any entry in a collection, or the right-hand side of a `let` binding. This is because binding a name in some positions is ambiguous, or nonsensical, or leads to unwarranted complications. Some forms may take any expression that does _not_ [bind a name](#words-and-bindings), for example, any entry in a collection, or the right-hand side of a `let` binding. This is because binding a name in some positions is ambiguous, or nonsensical, or leads to unwarranted complications.
### Simple expressions ### Simple expressions
Many compound forms will only accept "simple" expressions. Formally, simple expressions are either literal (atomic, string, or collection literals) or synthetic expressions. They are expressions which do not take sub-expressions: no `if`, `when`, `match`, etc. (`do` expressions are currently not simple, but that may be revised.) Many compound forms will only accept "simple" expressions. Formally, simple expressions are either literal (atomic, string, or collection literals) or synthetic expressions. They are expressions which do not take sub-expressions: no `if`, `when`, `match`, etc. (`do` expressions are currently not simple, but that may be revised.)
@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ To allow for mutual recursion, Ludus allows forward declarations, which are writ
If you declare a function without defining it, however, Ludus will raise a validation error. If you declare a function without defining it, however, Ludus will raise a validation error.
### The Prelude ### The Prelude
The Prelude is a substantial set of functions that is available in any given Ludus script. (It is, itself, just a Ludus file that has special access to host functions.) Because of that, a large number of functions are always available. The prelude documentation is [here](/prelude.md). The Prelude is a substantial set of functions that is available in any given Ludus script. (It is, itself, just a Ludus file that has special access to host functions.) Because of that, a large number of functions are always available. The prelude documentation is [here](prelude.md).
### Partial application ### Partial application
Functions in Ludus can be partially applied by using a placeholder in the arguments. Partial application may only use a single placeholder (partially applied functions are always unary), but it can be anywhere in the arguments: `let add_1 = add(1, _)` or `let double = mult(_, 2)`. Functions in Ludus can be partially applied by using a placeholder in the arguments. Partial application may only use a single placeholder (partially applied functions are always unary), but it can be anywhere in the arguments: `let add_1 = add(1, _)` or `let double = mult(_, 2)`.